1. What to do in winds?
(1) Close doors and windows, tighten the external structures.
(2) Withdraw immediately when in a dangerous buildings.
(3) Temporary structures in the Expo Site shall be reinforced, if security can not be assured, please stop visiting temporarily.
(4) Notify visitors not to stand under high buildings, trees and advertising boards.
(5) Suspend outdoor activities or large gatherings.
(6) Parking of vehicles shall be away from big trees and advertising boards etc.

2. How to prevent typhoon damages?
(1) After the typhoon alarms being sounded, do not go sightseeing or swimming in areas typhoon may pass, especially not go sailing and take a ship; outdoor personnel shall go back to rooms as soon as possible.
(2) Personnel in pavilions shall close the windows, and move in flower pots outside the pavilions and tighten exterior objects susceptible to winds.
(3) Pay attention to typhoon information broadcast and published in medias and take precautionary measures.
(4) Clean up drainage pipes to ensure unblocked drainage of water.
(5) Ships shall sail into sheltering harbors promptly.
(6) When typhoon is coming, do not stand by windows to avoid being hurt by glass broken by strong winds.

3. What are the measures to prevent storm damages?
(1) In low-lying areas, take measures of 鈥渟mall enclosures鈥? as appropriate, such as erecting enclosure walls, placing water-retaining boards at gates and setting small pumps etc.
(2) Electric sockets and switches at lower positions in pavilions shall be moved to places over 1m from the floor. Once accumulated water flows into the pavilions, cut off the electricity to prevent electric shocks.
(3) Be careful when walking in accumulated water, avoid falling into drain wells or pits, cavities.
(4) Do not litter garbage and wastes into drainage pipes for preventing blockage and water accumulation in storms.

4. What are the lightning protection measures?
(1) On open field sites, do not make yourself a high point, try to lower your height, do not put metal objects (such as an umbrella etc.) on your shoulder or higher than your head.
(2) Outdoor personnel shall either shelter in nearby buildings set with metal doors and windows or equipped with lightning arresters, or in vehicles with a metal body.
(3) In forests, find an open area and crouch with feet together; sheltering under trees for lightning and storms is very unsafe. In addition, do not stay in tall pavilions or under chimneys, just in case.
(4) When thundering, better not go boating, swimming in water.
(5) When thundering, better not ride a bicycle, motorcycle in open areas.
(7) When thundering, staying indoors is safer, but the doors and windows shall be closed to prevent side-flashes and ball lightning intrusions.

5. How to rescue persons wounded by thunders and lightning?
The body of people burnt by thunders or severely shocked does not contain electricity. Lay the wounded down immediately, put out the fire on the body, and then carry out rescues. If the wounded stop breathing or the heart beats stop, give the wounded artificial respiration and cardiac compression quickly and send him to hospitals in time.

6. How to prevent heatstroke?
Pay attention to good rest and nutrition, and maintain sufficient sleep; in high-temperature seasons, put a certain amount of salt in beverages, and pay attention to protein or Vitamin intakes.
(1) Drink more water and eat more vegetables and fruits. When sweating, you can supplement some salted water appropriately. In addition, potassium-bearing tea is an excellent refreshing drink.
(2) Avoid walking in the hot sun at 10:00 ~ 16:00, in this period, the sunshine is the strongest and the probability of heatstroke occurrence is 10 times that of ordinary periods. In particular, the elder, the pregnant and those with chronic illnesses and with cardiovascular diseases shall reduce outdoor activities and visiting activities in high-temperature seasons.
(3) Prepare sun-proof appliances and take precautions. You can hold a sunshade, wear a sunhat and sunglass, if possible, you鈥檇 batter apply sun protection cream; carry essential balm, jen-tan etc. as well as sufficient water and drinks with you.
(4) Wear cotton, fabric and silk clothes as far as possible, instead of wearing chemical fiber clothes to prevent heatstroke occurrence due to heat dissipation failure when sweating, and maintain sufficient sleep.

7. How to treat heatstroke?
(1) When finding yourself and others show a sign of heatstroke and slight heatstroke, what you need to do first is to withdraw from the high-temperature environment of heatstroke quickly, and select a shady and ventilating place for rest; drink cooling drinks containing a certain of salt; or apply cooling oil, essential balm etc. at the forehead, or take Chinese traditional medicine like Jen-tan, Rheo-camphoradin, Oral Liquid of Agastache for Dispelling Turbidity etc. When your blood pressure drops or you are in a state of prostration, lie down immediately and go to hospital in time for treatment.
(2) For patients suffering severe heatstroke, send the patients immediately in addition to moving them from high-temperature environment to shady and ventilating places at once, and take comprehensive measures for rescuing. If the hospital is far, move the patients away from the high-temperature environment, cover them with wet sheets or clothes, and blow with powerful fans to increase heat dissipation.

8. What are the fire control facilities in Expo pavilions?
The fire control facilities mainly contain automatic fire alarms, automatic sprinkler fire extinguishers, indoor fire hydrant system, emergency lighting, evacuation indicators and fire extinguishers etc.

9. How to use fire extinguishers?
Stand in a windward place, and keep a proper distance (2~3m), pull out safety pins, and press the handle, but do not use the extinguishers upside down, make the extinguishers point to the fire bottom (excluding foam) to spray horizontally from near to far places until the fire is put out.

10. How to safely use electricity and fire in Expo Site?
(1) For electrical appliances not used for a long time, switch off the power supply promptly.
(2) Do not stack inflammable materials near the heat dissipation parts of electrical appliances.
(3) Do not operate the electrical appliances under abnormal conditions.
(4) Do not use power strips of poor quality, and do not always plug or unplug power plugs.
(5) Do not smoke in pavilions and litter cigarette ends.

11. How to escape from the fire accident?
(1) Be familiar with the working environment, and escape from the nearby emergency exits.
(2) Be alert to smoke dangers, when escaping, bend your waist and move step by step, and use towels, clothes in layers, layered cloth or other similar materials to cover your mouth and nose.
(3) Keep calm and cool, do not jump from the buildings and be reluctant to leave valuable belongings.

12. How to extinguish fire of electrical appliance?
When discover the electrical appliances catch on fire, cut off the power first, and then extinguish the fire; if the appliances contain electricity, use carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers to put out the fire instead of using water.

13. Can the doors and windows be opened quickly during fire fighting?
Do not hastily open the doors and windows, because it will lead to air circulation and accelerate fire spreading.

14. How to listen to earthquake predictions?
According to Law of the People's Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, the State implements a unified system of earthquake prediction. Short-term and immediate earthquake predictions shall be released by the people鈥檚 government of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State Council.

15. How to make pre-seismic preparations?
(1) Keep informed of earthquake knowledge, and grasp emergency measures against earthquakes.
(2) Believe in science and oppose superstition, do not believe the gossips.
(3) Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes, shelters and prepare sheltering and rescuing articles, generally including torches, lighters, radios as well as foods and drinking water for three-day use.
(4) Fix indoor furniture and other objects, and move small objects at higher places to the floor to prevent the furniture and objects falling off and causing injuries during earthquake.
(5) Clarify emergency tasks for each person during earthquake, especially fire-fighting tasks; when leaving houses, close the gas stove and extinguish the stove fire, and cut off the electricity etc.; protect the elderly and kids; assign earthquake proof equipments to each person according to tasks for prevention of confusion in earthquake.

16. How to avoid dangers for individuals?
Destructive earthquakes only last tens of seconds from occurrence to collapse of houses. As an individual, how can the individual make a correct choice to escape the dangers?
(1) In storeyed buildings: move away from the external walls, doors and windows, and walk into the kitchen and bathrooms that are small in size and not easy to collapse, do not jump from buildings and use elevators.
(2) In flat-roofed buildings: if you can hide under desks, beds or beside hard furniture or against walls, and protect your head.
(3) In an open air: avoid high-rise buildings, high-voltage wires and large advertising boards.
(4) In workplace: switch off the power supply and gas supply quickly, and hide beside the stable machines, facilities or office furniture nearby.
(5) In public places: when in bus stations, theaters, stores, subway stations etc. keep calm and select a nearby place for hiding, and then follow commands to evacuate in order. Do not jump from buildings and crowd in stairs and passages.

17. How to carry out self-aids and mutual aids after earthquake?
(1) The buried people shall have courage of survival first, and eliminate fears; those who can get out of dangers by himself shall find a way to get out as soon as possible.
(2) If the buried can not get out of danger by himself, try to relieve hands and feet, remove the objects on the body, especially the objects on the belly, and wait for recues. Meanwhile, use towels, clothes to cover the mouth and nose to keep smooth breathing and prevent breathing smoke and dust and causing suffocation.
(3) The buried shall keep minds awake and active, do not shout to conserve the strength and wait for recues. Try to use everything to contact with the outside, try to use stones knocking other objects or shout for helps when hearing someone.
(4) The buried shall support those heavy objects potential to fall off for enlarging the safe space, better to move toward places with lights and air ventilation for escaping from dangers. If the buried can not get out, reduce strength consumption as far as possible, try to find substitute foods and water in the space to create living conditions and wait for recues.
(5) Arrange personnel of the organization (pavilion) to carry out mutual aids. If personnel of the organization (pavilion) know the exact position of the buried, they can carry out mutual aids, during recuing, pay attention to such sounds of shouting, moaning and knocking of the trapped people.
(6) According to the buildings鈥? structures and the origin time of earthquake etc. locate positions of the trapped people through inquiring or listening before carrying out recues for prevention of accidental injuries or death.
(7) Save the survivors in ruins along the buildings, and rescue the survivors at the bottom of houses or basements not completely damaged.
(8) The first rescue places shall be densely-populated pavilions and theaters in earthquake. When rescuing the buried, all personnel shall cooperate closely to help the wounded and rescuing the dying.
(9) Rescuing shall be done in procedures, first, make the trapped people鈥檚 head exposed, remove dust and earth quickly from the mouth and nose to prevent suffocating, and then make the belly exposed. If the wounded can not get out by himself, do not pull him out by force. Apply small tools safely during recue, such as shovels, hammers, chisels, and sticks etc. especially when approaching the trapped, use the tools more carefully, usage of sharp tools is not allowed.

18. What are the chemical accident preventions?
(1) Respiratory protection: wearing breathing masks, protective oral-nasal masks and applying wet towels.
(2) Skin protection: wearing anti-gas clothes, gloves, raincoats, rain boots etc.
(3) Eye protection: wearing gas-protection goggles and safety glasses etc.
(4) Evacuation: evacuating toward upwind or lateral windward directions.
(5) Decontamination: disinfecting the contaminated skin and clothes promptly.
(6) Treatment: Sending the poisoned persons to hospitals for treatment in time.

19. What are the common terrorist attacks?
(1) Explosion: bomb explosion, car bomb explosion and body bomb explosion etc.
(2) Gunshot: pistol shooting, rifle shooting or submachine shooting etc.
(3) Kidnapping: kidnapping people, cars, boats, airplanes etc.
(4) Setting fire.

20. How to identify terrorist suspects?
The terrorist suspects do not have a mark on their faces, but will behave in unusual ways that will arouse our attention:
(1) Those with panic expressions and abnormal words and behaviors. 
(2) Those with dressings, articles inconsistent with their identities or with seasons.
(3) Those pretending an acquaintance and to show excessive politeness.
(4) Those urging to accept inspections or with rude and unreasonable attitudes or unwilling to accept inspections.
(5) Those frequently showing up near security areas.
(6) Those looking like suspects reported by Public Security Departments.

21. How to identify suspect vehicles?
(1) In abnormal conditions. Check whether the paint color at connecting parts and external edges of vehicles are consistent with that of the vehicles, check whether the vehicles have changed color; door locks, trunk locks and window glass are pried or damaged; the lights are damaged or filled with other materials; and whether abnormal conducting wires or ropes exist on the vehicle surfaces.
(2) Abnormal parking of vehicles. The vehicles do not obey roles to stop near such important facilities like water, electricity and gas facilities or in places with crowed people.
(3) Abnormal people in vehicles. There are people with panic expressions and rude attitudes, urging to carry out inspections or unwilling to accept inspections; and starting up the vehicles when discovering the police during inspection.

22. How to identify suspect explosives?
On the condition of not touching the suspected articles:
(1) Inspect: observe, identify and judge whether the suspected articles or suspected positions have concealed explosive devices from near to far and from top to bottom.
(2) Listen: listen to whether there are unusual sounds in silent environment.
(3) Smell: for example: the black explosive powder containing sulfur will give off a smell of rotten egg (hydrogen sulphide) ; while the ammonium nitrate  in self-made ammonium nitrate explosives will decompose out a smell of ammonia water etc.

23. Where might the explosives be placed in public places?
(1) In landmark buildings or nearby buildings.
(2) In places of large-scale activities, major pavilions and key areas in the Site.
(3) In densely-populated places.
(4) In luggage cases, packages, foods, hand bags and various articles for daily use.
(5) In places easy to conceal explosives and places easy for entry of miscellaneous personnel.
(6) In all kinds of vehicles.
(7) In places easy to approach and vulnerable to explosion.

24. What to do when discovering suspect explosives?
(1) Do not touch.
(2) Call the police promptly.
(3) Evacuate quickly. Evacuate in order without crowding with each other to prevent occurrence of trampling and injuries.
(4) Assist the police in investigation. The witnesses shall identify the time, sizes, positions, appearance and whether having been touched of the discovered explosives, if possible, take pictures or videos with cameras for providing valuable clues for the police.

25. What to do when encountering anonymous threats to explode or threatening to explode?
(1) Believe it: Believe it might exist, do not take any chances.
(2) Be quick: Withdraw from the 鈥淪pot鈥? quickly.
(3) Be careful: observe surrounding people, matters and articles carefully.
(4) Report: Call the police immediately to investigate.
(5) Record: Use your camera to record the 鈥淪pot鈥?.

26. What to do if explosions occur in subway stations?
(1) Press the alarm button in the train immediately, and notify the driver to view the alarming signal from monitors.
(2) Extinguish the fire with in-vehicle fire-fighting equipments.
(3) Do not try to pull the doors open, break windows and jump out of the train etc. when the train is running.
(4) During evacuation in tunnels, keep calm and follow commands to pass the emergency doors at the head or tail of the train into the tunnels, and move to a nearby station.
(5) Find out simple protective materials such as clothes, paper towels to cover your mouth and nose, lower your waist when evacuating. If you can not see the route clearly, please move along the wall.
(6) When being endangered by the fire, do not follow the stream of people blindly to crowd with each another, do move towards a bright place and run towards the fresh air.
(7) If your clothes catch on fire, roll over on the ground or use heavy clothes to compress the fire.
(8) Observe suspicious people and articles carefully and assist the police in investigation.
(9) Familiarize yourself with the environment while taking the subway ordinarily, and know about the positions of fire-fighting facilities and safety devices in the subway.

27. What to do if explosions occur in shopping center?
(1) Keep calm and select the nearest exit quickly to evacuate the spot in order.
(2) Avoid the temporary shelves to prevent causing new injuries due to collapse of the shelves.
(3) Pay attention to articles on the floor, once falling down, you can move your body to the foot of a wall or find other supports.
(4) Carry out self-aids and mutual aids.
(5) Do not be reluctant to leave your valuable belongings so as to waste the precious time of escaping.
(6) Call the police immediately and describe to the police the occurrence of the incident in detail.
(7) Observe the suspicious people, articles carefully and assist the police with investigation.

28. What to do if you encounter fire attacks in buses?
(1) Keep calm. If the engine catches on fire, open the door immediately and get off the bus, use the in-vehicle extinguishers to put out the fire, if possible, cut off the battery supply.
(2) If the fire attack is in the middle of the bus, get off the bus from the front and rear doors in order. While extinguishing the fire, protect the driver鈥檚 cab and oil tanks particularly.
(3) If the fire is small but blocks the door, use your clothes to cover your head and rush off from the door.
(4) If the door can not be opened, open the emergency windows or break the nearby windows to get off the bus.
(5) If your clothes catch on fire, take off the clothes immediately and stamp out the fire with feet; or ask other people to compress the fire with heavy clothes, if other people鈥檚 clothes catch on fire, take off your clothes or use other cloth to extinguish the fire.

29. What to do if you encounter fire attacks in subway?
(1) Keep calm and call the police, you can also call 119, or press the emergency alarming button in the carriage, if possible, use the in-vehicle fire extinguishers to put the fire out.
(2) If the fire spread quickly, evacuate to safer carriages, close the carriage doors to stop fire spreading for obtaining more time to escape.
(3) After the train arrives at the station, follow the operators鈥? instructions to evacuate the station.
(4) If the power is off, withdraw in order according to the indication of emergency lights and move to the opposite direction of the fire.
(5) If the doors can not be opened, use your articles to break the doors, wet the clothes and paper towels you carry to cover your mouth and nose and escape with your waist lower; once your clothes catch on fire, roll over on the floor or ask others to compress the fire with heavy clothes.

30. What to do if you encounter fire attacks on ship?
(1) Keep calm, carry out self-aids and mutual aids or escape as soon as possible instead of following the crowd to run blindly.
(2) Withdraw to the front, rear and open decks of the ship, use the life ropes and ladders down to the rescue boats or put on life jackets and jump into the water.
(3) If the fire spreads and blocks the passages so as not to have enough time to escape, close the doors to stop the fire and smoke spread. Or, jump into water in emergency.
(4) If a floor at the front of the ship catches on fire, but the fire does not spread to the engine room, move to the main decks and open decks; then, use the rescue equipments to jump into water or rescue boats and the shore for escaping.
(5) If the interior chambers catch on fire, close the doors after escaping out to prevent fire spreading, and direct tourists to withdraw as soon as possible; if the fire has blocked the passages, direct the tourists to move to those doors towards left and right shipboards.
(6) If the fire has blocked the stairs towards the open decks, move to the top floor, loosen the ropes and escape along the ropes.

31. What to do if you encounter fire attacks in underground space?
(1) Keep calm and memorize the directions. Those entering to underground stores must observe the stores鈥? facilities and layouts, and memorize positions of evacuation passageways and safety exits.
(2) Withdraw quickly to the ground and other safety zones.
(3) Extinguish the fire while escaping. Minimize the initial fire and take all measures to extinguish the fire, if the fire can not be off for a short time, evacuate the spot quickly.
(4) While escaping, move with your waist lower and do not breathe deeply, if possible, use wet clothes or towels to cover your mouth and nose to prevent smoke breathed into the respiratory passage.
(5) In case that the evacuation passageways are blocked by fire, try to find ways to extend the survival time, for example, hiding in a room, using wet towels and clothes etc. to seal the door cracks and waiting for rescue of fire fighters.

32. What to do if you encounter fire attacks during driving in tunnels?
When you discover unusual fire light and smoke in the front during driving in tunnels, stop the car immediately and close the doors and windows well.
(1) Keep calm and find shelters. Generally, tunnels are provided with shelters or safety passages, find out the nearest shelters or evacuate the spot from the nearest safety passages.
(2) Do not stay in the car. Fire can spread quickly in tunnels, do not take any chances, get off the car immediately for prevention of unnecessary losses.

33. What to do if you are hijacked by terrorists?
(1) Keep calm, do not resist and trust the government.
(2) Do not stare them, and do not talk, crawl on the floor with slow moves.
(3) Maintain and hide you communication devices as far as possible, adjust your cell phone silent, if appropriate, send messages to 110 for help, the contents of messages: your position, number of hostages, and number of hijackers etc.
(4) Observe the number of terrorists and the Head carefully for giving testimony later. 
(5) At the time of the police attacking, crawl on the floor as far as possible and move out of the spot under cover of the police.

34. How to choose shelters if gun shot occurs?
(1) The shelters are preferably located between you and the terrorists.
(2) Find the shelters that can not be penetrated, such as wall, pillars, big trees, the front engine and tyres of the car etc. while wooden doors, glass doors, trash bins, a bush, baskets, counters, seats in the pavilion, car doors and rear parts etc. can not block the bullets and not be used as shelters, but can provide covers, which can help you not be discovered by terrorists at the first time and leave you more time to escape.
(3) Select those shelters that can cover your body. Some objects have a large density but small volume and can not cover your body completely, hence can not be used for sheltering, such as lamp posts, small trees and fire hydrants etc.
(4) Select those with such shapes easy to cover you body, like pillars; those with irregular shapes will cause bullets rebounding, hiding behind them may be injured by rebounded bullets, such as decoration stones etc.

35. What to do if you encounter chemical terrorist attacks?
(1) Calm down and know about the situations. Chemical terrorist attacks usually adopt the air as the transmission medium, people breathing such toxic air will be poisoned, such kind of attacks always accompany unusual odor and smoke etc.
(2) Take efficient protective actions. Use ambient facilities and articles you carry to cover your body, mouth and nose to prevent or reduce toxic materials intrusion and intake.
(3) Find out exist quickly, leave the pollution sources or polluted areas in order immediately, and better withdraw against the wind.
(4) Call the police promptly for help. You can call 110 for help.
(5) Carry out necessary self-aids and mutual aids. Apply emesis, gastric lavage and other ways to facilitate emission of toxic materials.
(6) Follow instructions of relevant personnel.
(7) Cooperate with relevant departments to do follow-up works.

36. What to do if you encounter nuclear and radioactive terrorist attacks?
(1) Keep calm and know about the situations.
(2) Withdraw to safer places in order as soon as possible, and stay away from the radiation sources.
(3) Use the articles you carry to cover your mouth and nose to prevent or reduce intake of radioactive dust.
(4) Call the police for help.
(5) Follow instructions of relevant personnel.
(6) Cooperate with relevant departments to do follow-up works.

37 What to do if you encounter bioterrorist attacks?
(1) Calm down and know about the situations.
(2) Use ambient facilities and articles you carry to cover your body, mouth and nose to prevent or reduce pathogen infection and intake.
(3) Find out the exits as soon as possible and evacuate the pollution sources or polluted areas in order quickly.
(4) Call the police for help; you can call 110 for help.
(5) Follow instructions of relevant personnel.
(6) Do not go home or go to densely-populated places to prevent infection pollution spreading.
(7) Cooperate with relevant departments to do follow-up works.

38. How to prevent stampede and trample accidents?
(1) Activity management: Report to hold large-scale activities in strict accordance with relevant regulations of the State, formulate emergency plans, review, approve, direct and supervise the activities strictly, take all safety management measures to prevent occurrence of stampede and trample accidents.
(2) On-site monitoring: Strengthen monitoring of the activity site, people and facilities to discover and eliminate potential risks of such stampede and trample accidents.
(3) Information surveillance: Strengthen collection, analysis and assessment of the activity site, the public and other information; adopt sharing mechanism with exhibitors to improve the accuracy and timeliness of such information.
(4) Warning issuing: Take effective measures to issue or adjust such warning information of stampede and trample accidents promptly to direct emergencies dealing and evacuation according to the conditions and controllability of such large-scale activities and the public as well as potential harms and influence of such accidents.

39. How to handle stampede and trample accidents?
(1) Define the areas of stampede and trample accidents and implement site warning and control.
(2) Evacuate and direct field personnel to leave the activity site immediately.
(3) Maintain the traffic and order at the site and surrounding areas, and if necessary, carry out traffic control at local areas for leaving emergency rescue passageways.
(4) Rescue trapped personnel at the site, and provide first aids for the wounded, then transfer them to hospitals for treatment.
(5) Assign professional staff to rescue people, repair or control and handle collapsed buildings, emission of toxic gas, pipe burst, electricity failure and creepage, environment pollution etc. at the activity site
(6) Collect, grasp and report such information like the activity site and stampede and trample accidents of the public etc.

40. What to be considered during emergency evacuation from accident spots?
(1) Keep calm, judge your position and withdraw in time.
(2) Better choose passages instead of using elevators.
(3) Withdraw quickly, do not be reluctant to leave valuable belongings or return to dangerous places.
(4) Protect yourself from dangers; use articles to cover your body venerable to injuries and do not stand by the windows or move against the stream of people to prevent being pushed over.
(5) Hold firm objects, find better places to hide yourself and move along the wall. In a crowded place, hold secure objects, such as stairs, hide for a while, and then leave the site quickly after the crowd has passed.

41. How to stop bleeding in emergencies?
(1) Move to safe or silent places, examine the injuries and judge the bleeding natures, for example, arterial bleeding, venous hemorrhage and capillary bleeding.
(2) You can directly press with fingers the bleeding wound or the feeding artery that is bleeding to stop the bleeding.
(3) For injuries in arms and legs, your can use a waist belt, tie, certificate belts, cloth strips, scarves, or strips of clothes to band at 1/3 of the big arm and in the middle of the thigh.

42. How to immobilize the wounded parts in emergencies?
(1) Bandage the open wounds before immobilization; do not push back the broken bone.
(2) Block up or raise the wounded parts to reduce bleeding and swelling.
(3) Do not move if the backbone is injured or suspected to be injured.
(4) Immobilize the joints at both ends of broken bones during mobilization, for example, for fracture of lower legs, immobilize the ankle joint and knee joint.

43. How to do cardio-pulmonary resuscitation?
(1) Slap 鈥? press 鈥? call. The rescuer makes the wounded lie on his back, slap his shoulders and call him, or press the place above his upper lip and under the nose. If he does not respond, he is in an unconscious state.
(2) Artificial respiration. Raise the mandible to ensure smooth breathing; if the wounded can not breathe, please apply artificial aspiration. If this does not function, check if foreign objects in the mouth and throat, if so, remove them and continue the artificial respiration. The commonly used artificial respirations contain: mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, mouth-to-nose resuscitation etc.
(3) Cardiac massage. Once you find the patient鈥檚 heart stops beating, hit 2~3 times on the primordial sternum rapidly, if this does not work, carry out closed cardiac massage immediately. Care shall be taken to ensure not to do the massage so hard or in an incorrect place for prevention of rib fracture. If the closed cardiac massage can not make effective air exchange, carry out artificial respiration at the same time.

44. How to treat cerebral paralysis?
Cerebral paralysis is a kind of acute episode of cerebrovascular disease, and also called accidental cerebrovascular disease, it can be divided into hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The former includes cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, while the latter includes cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and transient ischemic attack etc. First aids: make the patient lie on his back to keep the air passage unblocked, turn the patient鈥檚 head to one side, and loosen the collar; keep the room quiet, and ensure the patients not to be bothered, and ensure not to let the patient lie on a high pillow to avoid the air passage at the back of tongue blocked; remove the secretion in the patient鈥檚 mouth; call 120 for emergency treatment.

45. How to treat food poisoning?
(1) When discovering some one is suffering food poisoning, send the patient to hospital for treatment instead of taking medicine blindly, do not delay treatment. The patients shall maintain all in-patient records, laboratory sheets, medical expenses documents etc.
(2) Before sending the patient to hospital, investigate whether other people who have the same food before food poisoning show the similar symptoms, if so, report the incident to local health inspection authorities to make the authorities take control measures and prevent the situation from getting worse, which will help find the reasons and carry out prompt treatment.
(3) Stop eating suspicious foods immediately, and collect the foods for inspection.
(4) Protect the scene, and collect the vomitus, faeces etc. of the patient for inspection; do not clean and wash the food storage places, cookers, tableware and containers etc. after the food hygiene supervisors have finished sampling, clean and sterilize thoroughly the scene to prevent reoccurrence of food poisoning incidents.
(5) Consumers who suspect to suffer food poisoning after eating foods at the food outlet shall not settle the situation privately with the food outlet, but report it to the health supervision authorities so as not to delay investigation and cause difficulty in determining the nature and reasons of the incident, hence affecting the claiming evidence strength for the food outlet.

46. What equipments are provided in civil defense emergency cases?
The civil defense emergency case is provided with: anti-gas equipment, medical aid equipment, escaping devices, warning devices and evacuation equipment and other tens of emergency equipments for treating various disasters and accidents.

47. What are the emergency evacuation and escaping equipments?
The civil defense emergency case is also provided with flashing emergency lights, electric horns, whistles, torches etc. for emergency evacuations; the emergency rescue ropes and slip-proof gloves can be used for emergency escaping of personnel trapped on the floor (or for rescuing them).

48. What are the anti-gas equipments?
For fire accidents, gas leakage and chemical incidents, the civil defense emergency case is also provided with filtration masks, protective oral nasal masks and vacuum-packed wet wipes etc. for field rescues and escaping.

49. What are equipments for field first aids?
In the emergency case are provided with tourniquets, band-aids, neck braces, gauze, sterilized cotton, essential balm and other medical equipments for field first aids.

50. What are the electroshock-proof equipments?
The emergency case is also provided with insulated shoes and other electroshock-proof equipments for handling electroshock incidents.